KABUKI FUN FACTS from the Ichikawa Nekojin Kabuki Players and Aoi Tokugawa
Kabuki and cartoons have something in common.
For one thing, both project the nature of a character by their face - its color and expression. A bad guy has a terrible face, and a guy who is good or "cool" has a cool face. In Kabuki, a nice guy like Sukeroku has white makeup and red kumadori; that is, a particular style of makeup used in kabuki in which red, blue, brown, and black cosmetics are painted on an actor’s face to emphasize the nature of the character he portrays.
In the case of a female role, for example, a sexy or desirable unmarried lady wears a red kimono. In comics you are likely to see such a woman, perhaps a femme fatale, in a tight-fitting red dress.
The etymology of kabuki is “kabuku”; that is, inclined toward an imbalance or abnormality. Kabuki players like to wear strange fashions; so one might say then, that kabuki is the father of cosplay (costume play).
And there it is and there you have it.
Showing posts with label cats. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cats. Show all posts
Saturday, August 23, 2014
Sunday, September 1, 2013
Sunday, August 25, 2013
MIYAZAWA KENJI: Part III "The Cat Office" (Anime)
THE CAT OFFICE
(A Short Anime Feature)
Quite a few years ago a short anime feature was produced in Japan entitled "The Cat Office." While not totally faithful to the original storyline, it is close and thus is quite enjoyable. Just follow the link below to watch and enjoy it.
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The cat office
MIYAZAWA KENJI: Part II "The Cat Office"
THE CAT OFFICE
By
Miyazawa Kenji
A
New Translation by Hayato Tokugawa
The following
short story, “Neko no Jimusho,” first appeared in an amateur literary
publication, Getsuyou, in 1926;
however, it was not formally published until 1986, when it was included in a
complete collection of Miyazawa’s works. The tale center on the daily
operations of a small office run by of all things, cats, and was a commentary
on workplace bullying and bureaucracy. While “Neko no Jimusho” is not one of
the author’s best known stories, it has been illustrated as a children’s
picture book several times, has been adapted in manga form, and there is also
an anime adaptation of the story.
Near a certain railroad station was the 6th
Office of the Ministry of Feline Affairs, which dealt primarily with inquiries
into feline history and geography. The clerks in the office all wore short
coats made of black satin, and were very well respected by everyone. As it
happened, any time that one of the clerks left his employment or had to retire
for some reason, every single one of the young cats in the area clamored to
take his position. Be that as it may, the number of clerks at the 6th
Office of the Ministry of Feline Affairs was always limited to four; so, of
those many cats who sought the position, the only one who would get it was the
most literate among them and who had the neatest handwriting.
Now, the manager of the office was a rather large black
cat, a touch senile perhaps, but otherwise as sharp as a tack — quite respectable. The workers beneath
him were:
First Clerk: a white cat
Second Clerk; a tabby cat
Third Clerk, a tortoiseshell cat
Fourth Clerk, a “sooty” sort of cat.
The “sooty” sort of cat (everyone simply referred to him as
“Soot Cat,” was not actually born that way; rather, he was born with some sort
of regular, natural coloring (no one however was quite certain what that was).
No, his coloring came from his habit of sleeping inside an oven at night; and
as a result, his fur always ended up filthy with soot. His nose and ears in
particular were stained a deep black, so one might even venture to say that he
somewhat resembled a tanuki. It was
because of this that Soot Cat was
somewhat scorned by the others; that, and because the head of the office was a
black cat, this sooty cat, who normally would never ever have been given a
chance to become a clerk, no matter how much he studied, when a position became
available, was chosen over forty applicants.
Manager Black Cat sat behind a red felt-covered table in
the middle of the large office, with White Cat the First Clerk and the Third
Clerk, Tortoiseshell, on his right, and Tabby Cat, the Second Clerk, and Soot
Cat, the Fourth cat on his left; each clerk properly seated in their own little
chair in front of their own little table.
Now you may well ask, “How did the 6th Office of
the Ministry of Feline Affairs operate?” Well, it’s rather like this for
example:
There was a knock on the office door. “Enter!” Manager
Black Cat shouted, leaning back in his chair with his hands in his pockets. The
four clerks kept their heads down, flipping busily through their various
notebooks. A well-off cat entered. “How may we help you?” asked Black Cat.
“I would like to visit the Bering region in order to eat
some arctic mice. Would you tell me the best place to go?
“Yes, of course,” replied Manger Cat. “First Clerk, tell us
where arctic mice live.”
The First Clerk opened up a thick notebook with a blue
cover and replied, “Usteragominya, Novaskaya, and the Husa River Basin.”
The manger addressed the well-off cat, “Usteragominya,
Nova…what was it called?”
“Novaskaya,” replied the First Clerk and the well-off cat
in unison.
“Oh yes, Novaskaya, and then what?”
“The Husa River Basin,” the well-off cat and First Clerk
said again in unison, embarrassing Manger Black Cat.
“Right then! The Husa River. Well, I suppose that’s the
place to go then.”
“So,” continued the well-off cat, “would you give me any
advisories about travelling there?”
“Certainly. Second Clerk, tell me if there are any
advisories about travelling in the Bering region.”
“Yes sir,” replied the Second Clerk, already flipping
through his own notebook. “Summer cats must not travel there.” As he said this,
for some reason, everyone glanced at Soot Cat.
Second clerk continued, “There is also a dire warning for
winter cats. There is a danger of being lured in by the use of horse meat and
trapped, near Hakodate. Furthermore, when black cats in particular travel there
without properly distinguishing themselves as cats, they are often mistaken for
black foxes and hunted down.”
“Ah, very well then,” said Manger Black Cat. “It’s quite as
he said. You are not a black cat such as me, so you shouldn’t have any real
trouble. Just be certain to keep clear of horse meat near Hakodate.”
“Well, then,” asked the well-off cat, “Are there any
persons of note in that area?”
“Third Clerk, give me the names of any persons of note in
the Bering area,” ordered Manger Cat.
“Yess…well…in the Bering area…yes…Tovaski, Gansoski…there
are those names.”
“Tovaski and Gansoski? What sort of fellows are they”
inquired the well-off cat.
“Fourth Clerk, tell me about Tovaski and Gansoski,”
directed Manger Cat.
“Yes sir.” The Fourth Clerk, Soot Cat, had already placed
one slender paw at the entries there for Tovaski and Gansoski. Both the manger
and the well-off cat seemed to be very impressed by that; while the other three
clerks glared at Soot Cat as if they had been slighted, and just sneered.
Soot Cat read from his notebook the best he could. “Chief
Tovaski has great moral influence. He has a piercing gaze, but he is slow to
speak. Wealthy Gansoski is a bit slow to speak, but he as a piercing gaze.”
“Well then, that’s all I need to know,” said the well-off
cat, and he left.
And that’s the way things work — rather well for cats;
however, only a year after the incident I am about to describe for you, the 6th
Office was shut down. Be that as it may, you no doubt realize by now that
the Fourth Clerk, Soot Cat, was greatly disliked by the other three. The Third
Clerk, Tortoiseshell, was just itching to take over Soot’s work and be rid of
him; and Soot simply wanted the others to think well of him. So, he worked very
hard at everything he did; but no matter what he did, he couldn’t seem to
change things.
For example, one day when Tabby Cat, who was seated beside
Soot, placed his lunch on his desk and began to eat, he was suddenly struck by
a case of the “yawns.” Taby stretched out his stubby arms as high as he could,
and gave a great yawn. Now, since they were all cats, this wasn’t seen as any
sign of disrespect —
had he been a human, it would have been the sort of offense that would have
gotten his whiskers pulled. What was rude however was that when he pushed his
table away, trying to stretch his legs as well, his lunch box slid off,
clattering onto the floor, right in front of Manager Black Cat. The lunch box
was a little beat up, but since it was made of aluminum, it didn’t break. Tabby
hurriedly finished his stretch, and then leaned across the table, stretching
out his arms, attempting to pick it back up.
“It’s no use! You’ll never reach it,” laughed Manger Black
Cat, noisily chewing on a piece of bread.
At that moment, Soot Cat had just opened the lid of his own
lunch box; but seeing the situation, he stood up at once, picked up the lunch
box from the floor, and handed it to Tabby Cat. Tabby suddenly became quite
angry, threw his hands up, refusing to take the box which Soot had gone out of
his way to pick up, and shouted, his body shaking.
“What’s this? Are you saying I should eat this? Are you
saying I should eat something that fell on the floor?”
“No sir,” replied Soot. “I was merely picking it up for
you, since you were trying to pick it up yourself.”
“And just when was I trying to pick it up? Hmmmm….I just
thought it quite rude to drop something in front of the manger, so I as trying
to push it under my desk.”
“Oh, I see,” replied Soot. Still, the lunch box was sliding
all over the place so…”
“What impertinence!” snapped Tabby. “Are you trying to
start someth…”
The manger gave a loud growl, interrupting so as not to
allow Tabby Cat to start a fight. “Please stop your quarreling. Soot didn’t
pick up the lunch box with the intention of making you eat from it. And perhaps
you have forgotten, Tabby…but I told you this morning you were getting a 10-cent
raise.”
At first, Tabby Cat appeared frightened, but listened with
his head bent down. Soon he began to smile. “Please forgive my rudeness sir.”
He glanced sideways at Soot Cat and took his seat.
One has to feel sorry for Soot Cat. Once again, fifty-six
days after that incident, a similar event occurred. This very sort of thing
often happened because, for one thing, cats are naturally lazy, and also their
front legs — that
is, their arms — are
rather short. On this particular day, it was the Third Clerk, Tortoiseshell
Cat, sitting on the other side of the room, who, before he could start his work
for the morning, let his pen slip and sent it rolling onto the floor.
Tortoiseshell decided to spare himself the trouble of standing, so right then,
as had Tabby, he leaned forward across the desk, stretched out his arms, and
tried to pick up the pen. And, just as before, there was no way that he could
reach it. As a matter of fact, Tortoiseshell was particularly short, so as he
leaned further forward, his legs left his seat. Soot wasn’t sure whether he
should pick up the pen, given what had happened before, so he hesitated a bit,
blinking, but soon he could no longer just ignore it and stood.
This time however, Tortoiseshell leaned too far forward and
toppled over the desk, banging his head. It made a dreadful sound, so much so
that even Manger Black Cat stood up in surprise and took a bottle of ammonia
from the shelf behind him, so that he could bring Tortoiseshell to. However,
Tortoiseshell soon awoke on his own, and abruptly, in a fit of confusion
shouted, “Soot! You are a rat! How dare you shove me!”
This time, the manger was quick to calm Tortoiseshell. “No,
Tortoiseshell, that was your fault. Soot merely stood to do you a favor, not to
do you any harm. Still, it’s not that big a deal. Anyway…ummmm…Santontan’s
change of address…yes…” and he quickly returned to his work. Left with no
alternative, Tortoiseshell also went back to his work, now and then glancing at
Soot with a sinister gaze.
So, this was the way of things — quite distressing for Soot Cat.
Soot, trying so hard to become and “ordinary cat”, took to
sleeping outside the window of his shack, but the night was much too cold and
he couldn’t stop sneezing; so there was no choice but back to the oven. Why did
he get so cold? Well, it was because his skin was rather thin, the reason being
that he was born in midsummer. When Soot thought about all this, how hopeless
it was and that there was nothing he could do about it, his round eyes filled
with tears. Despite all this, the manager was quite kind to him, and he was
happy to think that his colleagues at the office held such prestige in the
community; so even as he cried, Soot clenched his fists and thought to himself,
“No matter how hard it gets, I won’t quit! I can make it through this!”
Be that as it may, even Manager Black Cat could not always
be counted on. By virtue of being a cat, although he seemed wise, he really was
a fool. Once, Soot Cat caught a bad cold and the joints in his legs swelled up
to the size of softballs, so that he couldn’t even walk and had to take a day
off from work. He didn’t even try to put up a fight; he just lay in his bed and
cried and cried and cried. While watching the yellow light that streamed in
through a little window in his shed, he rubbed his eyes and cried the whole day
through.
Meanwhile, back at the office:
“My goodness! Soot still hasn’t come in today. He’s
terribly late,” said the manger between tasks.
“Oh! He must have goon off to the beach to play or
something,” said White Cat.
“No, I’ll bet someone called him off to a party somewhere,”
said Tabby Cat.
“There’s a party going on today?” the manager asked with a
start. He didn’t think that there was any cat in the town who would throw a
party and not invite him.
“I heard there was a school opening ceremony or something
going on up north.”
“Oh, I see.” Black Cat grew silent and began to brood.
“Why on earth,” said Tortoiseshell, “is Soot Cat being
invited to so many places these days? I hear he’s been saying that no matter
what, he’s going to be the next manager. So some worldly fools are trying their
hardest to curry favor with him.”
“Is this true?” shouted Black Cat.
“It is indeed true. Go see for yourself,” Tortoiseshell
said with a frown.
“Inexcusable…that cat has been eyeing me a lot. Alright, I
have a thought of my own!”
The office was deathly silent for some time after that.
The next day, the swelling in Soot Cat’s legs had finally
gone down, so he woke up bright and early, and walked to the office through a
howling wind. When he arrived, his beloved notebook, the cover of which he
would stroke each morning, was no longer on top of his desk; but instead, its
contents had been divided up between the desks of his three colleagues.
“Ah, they must have been busy yesterday,” he said to
himself in a hoarse voice, his heart pounding.
Click! The door opened and in came Tortoiseshell.
“Good morning,” Soot stood and greeted him, but
Tortoiseshell just took his seat quietly, and then leafed through his notebook
as if he was incredibly busy.
Click! Slam! In came Tabby Cat.
“Good Moring” greeted Soot as before, but Tabby wouldn’t
even look his way.
“Good morning,” said Tortoiseshell.
“Morning. Some wind out there, huh?” said Tabby as he began
leafing through his notebook without delay.
Click! Slam! White Cat entered the office.
“Good morning, “Tabby and Tortoiseshell greeted in unison.
“Oh! Morning! It’s quite windy out today.” White also took
up his work. Soot stood languidly and silently bowed, but White Cat acted as if
he didn’t even know him.
Clack! Smack!
“Whew! My goodness it’s windy.” In came Manger Black. “Good
morning.” The three other cats quickly stood and bowed while Soot stood in a
daze and bowed, averting his gaze.
“Seems to be a storm, yes,” said Black Cat, not looking at
Soot. Soon afterward, he began his work.
“Well, we should continue yesterday’s inquiry of the
Anmognac brothers. Second Clerk, which of the Anmognac brothers went to the
south pole?”
And so began the day’s work. Soot watched them quietly. He
had no notebook to work with. Even if he wanted to say something, he could not
bring himself to speak.
“It was Pan and Polaris,” replied Tabby.
“Alright, tell me more about Pan and Polaris,” said Black.
“Oh, but that’s my job! The details…the details!” thought
Soot, now on the verge of tears.
“Pan and Polaris perished on Yap Island, while returning
from an expedition to the South Pole. Their frozen remains were buried at sea,”
the First Clerk, White Cat, read from Soot’s own notes. Soot was sad, very sad,
and his cheeks began to droop; but he watched them and endured it, holding back
the tears.
The office steadily became busier and busier, and the work
rolled along. Once in a while, each of them glanced Soot’s way, but they never
said a word.
Noon came along. Soot didn’t even eat the lunch he had
brought with him, he just sat patiently and watched; his hands in his lap.
About an hour later, Soot began to sob. He cried on and off for the next three
hours, until the sun began to set. Still, the others continued their apparently
interesting work, as if they did not notice him at all.
About that same time, although the cats were not aware of
it, a lion’s austere golden face was watching them through the window behind
the manger. The lion had watched them suspiciously for some time; and then
without warning, pounded on the door and came into the room. I probably don’t
have to tell you how very surprised the cats were. The lion sauntered around
the office lazily. Only Soot stood to greet him, drying his tears.
The lion spoke in a loud, stern voice, “Just what do you
think you’re doing? You cats have no need for geography and history! Cease this
at once. Humph! I’m closing this place down!”
As it turns out, and as you might suspect, the lion was
from the very highest levels of government; and thus, the office was disbanded.
I half-agree with the lion.
*Oh, by the way. In case
you are worried about whatever happened to Soot Cat, you needn’t worry. As was
the custom, when one government office was closed, its personnel were placed
with some other office that needed their talents — of which Soot Cat had
many.
_______________________________________________
“The Cat Office,” by Miyazawa Kenji, a new translation by
Hayato Tokugawa. Copyright © 2013 by
Haytato Tokugawa and Shisei-Dō Publications. All rights reserved.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright
Conventions. Published in the United States and Japan by Shisei-Dō
Publications. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo- copying,
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without prior
written permission of the author or publisher, except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.
“The Cat Office” by Miyazawa Kenji, first published in 1926, is in the
public domain.
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Thursday, August 22, 2013
MIYAZAWA KENJI: Part I
Miyazawa Kenji: Part I
My wife Aoi and I are both students of Japanese
literature. Of late, we have been interested in the literature produced during
the Meiji, Taishō, and
early Shōwa periods. One writer who unfortunately, I had not really taken much notice
of until I received a book of his as a present — a children’s book titled Chūmon no Ōi Ryōriten (注文の多い料理店), The Restaurant of
Many Orders, is Miyazawa Kenji. A few evenings ago, I had been rearranging
my bookshelves, in the futile hope of making more room for more books (my study
is now a repository of books positioned in any place that I don’t step on) and
took a few minutes to leaf through The
Restaurant of Many Orders again. I very much enjoyed the book and wanted to
share with you what I discovered about the author.
I
think to most Westerners, the name Miyazawa Kenji either means not much; or
more frequently, it is confused with Miyazaki Hayao, the creator of the now
classic My Neighbor Totoro, Nausicaa of
the Valley of the Wind, and Kiki’s
Delivery Service. Not at all the same man, but both have indisputably given
us some treasures.
Miyazawa
(宮沢 賢治) was born August 27, 1896 and
is most noted as one of the premier writers of children’s literature of the
early Shōwa period. He was also a devout Buddhist and in later life, a social
activist.
Unlike
what one might expect in many stories of the time, the Meiji period, Miyazawa
was not born into a poor humble household; rather, he was born in Iwate, in the
town of Hanamaki-shi, north-central Honshū, as the eldest son of a wealthy
pawnbroker. Even though he was a child of wealth and privilege, he was bothered
by what he perceived to be a great social disparity between his moneyed family
and the disadvantaged, often insolvent, farmers of the region, whom his family
profited from by lending them money.
The
young man attended the Morioka Agriculture and Forestry College (Now Iwate
University), graduating in 1918. Records show that he was a bright student; so
bright in fact, that his academic advisor hired him as an assistant professor.
That in itself should have made young Kenji very happy indeed; yet, a wide
chasm developed between him and his father, primarily over religion. Kenji had
converted to a modern form of Nichiren Buddhism, Nichirenism or Nichirenshugi (日蓮主義), becoming a follower of the radical nationalist leader of
the Nichrensugi, Tanaka Chigaku[i],
to the extent of joining Tanaka’s Kokuchukai or “National Pillar” organization
in 1920. That, and his growing disgust for the family pawn business, led him to
leave Hanamaki for Tokyō, and to give up his financial inheritance in a
complete break with his family.
It
was in Tokyō that he was introduced to the works of the poet Hagiwara Sakutarō[ii]
and was himself inspired to begin writing. He spent eight months in Tokyō,
where he primarily wrote children’s stories, but was ultimately forced to
return to Hanamaki due to the illness and finally death of his younger sister,
whom he had loved very much.
Back
at home, on tenuous ground with his father, Miyazawa found employment as a
teacher of agricultural science at the Hanamaki Agricultural High School (花巻農学校) at a meager wage; but still, he was able to set aside
enough money to pay for the publication of his first collection of children’s
stores and fairy tales, Chūmon no Ōi
Ryōriten, mentioned earlier, as well as a small collection of free-verse
poetry, Haru to Shura (春と修羅), Spring and Asura.
Although neither work was what could be considered a commercial success, they
did gain the attention of Japanese poets Takamura Kōtarō[iii]
and Kusano Shimpei[iv] who in turn, introduced
his work to Japanese literary circles. As a teacher, Miyazawa was viewed as a
bit eccentric, but also as a man of passion. He taught that learning could only
come through actual, first-hand experience rather than solely by scholastic
effort. In keeping with that, he often took his students out of the formal
classroom setting, sometimes for training, but often simply for enjoyable walks
in the countryside. He also encouraged his pupils to put on plays which they
had themselves written.
From
1926 until his passing in 1933, Miyazwa did all that he could in order to
improve both the material and the spiritual lives of the peasants of Iwate-ken.
He introduced new agricultural methods and new varieties of seeds and plants.
He went so far as to leave his teaching position in order to establish the Rasu
Farmers Association, which met in a small house on his family’s property. Not
only did he teach agriculture but also encouraged the performance of plays,
music and other cultural activities.
He
also, at that time, studied Esperanto, a contrived, constructed language, more
of a fashionable fad or experiment, very popular at the time, especially within
European intellectual and pseudo-intellectual circles. Nitobé Inazō was another
fan of this language and went so far as to attempt to have it adapted as “the
international language” by the League of Nations.
Miyazawa’s
later work (1926-1933) shows an acute sensitivity for nature, the land, and the
people who worked it. He became a prolific writer of children’s stores, many of
which might seem light, humorous, even capricious, but which all contained some
note of moral education. He wrote not only prose but penned stage plays, a
large number of tanka, as well as
free-verse, much of which was not published until after his death from
pneumonia resulting from chronic pleurisy[v] September
21, 1933
Besides
the works previously cited, his other major works include: Gingatetsudō no Yoru (銀河鉄道の夜), Night on the Galactic Railroad; Kaze no
Matasaburō (風の又三郎), Matasaburo of the Wind; Cello Hiki no Goshu (セロ弾きのゴーシュ), Gauche the Cellist; Taneyamagahara no Yoru (種山ヶ原の夜), The Night of Taneyamagahara; Vegetarian Taisai (ビジテリアン大祭), Vegetarian Great Festival; Ryū to Shijin (竜と詩人), The Dragon and the Poet.
[i]
Tanaka Chigaku (田中智學) (1861–1939) was a Japanese Buddhist
scholar and preacher of Nichiren Buddhism, orator, writer and nationalist
propagandist in the Meiji, Taishō and early Shōwa periods. He is considered to
be the father of Nichirenism, the fiercely nationalistic blend of Nichiren
Buddhism and State Shinto espoused by such figures as Inoue Nissho, Ishiwara
Kanji and Kita Ikki.
The 1890s saw Tanaka's spiritual philosophy evolve in an
increasingly nationalistic manner, taking to concluding his works with the twin
salutations of “I Take Refuge in the Scripture of the Wondrous Lotus Blossom” (南無妙法蓮華経, Namu myoho
rengekyo) and “Imperial Japan for Ever and Ever” (日本帝国万々歳, Nippon teikoku
ban-banzai). The decade saw him carry out extensive lecturing tours
throughout Japan and establish his Nichiren study group, Rissho Ankokukai (立正安国会) from his new base in Kamakura. A noted anti-Christian
and staunch opponent of Christian missionaries in Japan, he applauded Japan’s
triumph in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, stating that “The war with Russia is
divinely inspired to make Japanese citizens aware of their heavenly task.”
In 1908, he moved his base to Miho, Shizuoka Prefecture,
where he would write his most famous work, “The Doctrine of Saint Nichiren” (日蓮聖人の教義, Nichiren shonin
no kyogi) in 1911, in which he casts the radical 13th century
priest Nichiren as the champion of the Japanese nation, and called for world
unification through Nichirenism, with the emperor as its core. “Japan’s very
purpose of existence,” he writes, “is the implementation of this plan, as a
country conceived for building Nichiren Buddhism.”
In 1914, Tanaka amalgamated all of his followers into a
single organization, the Kokuchukai (国柱会,
National Pillar Society), based in Miho. He maintained a busy lecture schedule
until illness curtailed his activities in the late 1930s, and travelled not
only throughout Japan but also on speaking tours of Japanese-occupied Korea and
Manchukuo, where he supported and gave lectures to Emperor Puyi. His
nationalist and imperialist convictions only hardened with age, believing that
Japan’s 1931 takeover of Manchuria was divinely ordained and part of a divine
plan to spread the “true" Nichiren Buddhism throughout Asia. He even went
as far as to compile diagrams of the states in which the “Nichirenization” of
the world would take place.
[ii] Hagiwara Sakutarō (萩原 朔太郎, November 1, 1886 - May 11, 1942) was a
Japanese writer of free-style verse, active in the Taishō and early Shōwa
periods of Japan. He is credited by some as having “liberated Japanese
free verse from the grip of traditional rules,”
and he is
considered by many as the “father of modern colloquial poetry in Japan.” He
published many volumes of essays, literary and cultural criticism, and
aphorisms over his long career. His unique style of verse expressed his doubts
about existence, and his fears, ennui, and anger through the use of dark
images and unambiguous wording.
[iii]
Takamura Kōtarō (高村 光太郎 March 13, 1883 – April 2, 1956) was a Japanese poet and
sculptor. His sculptural work shows strong influence both from Western work
(especially Auguste Rodin, whom he idolized) and from Japanese traditions. He is also famous for his poems, and especially for his
1941 collection Chiekoshō (智恵子抄, literally “Selections
of Chieko,” in English titled Chieko's Sky
after one of the poems therein), a collection of poems about his wife Chieko
Takamura, who died in 1938.
[iv] Kusano Shimpei
(1903 – 1988) a poet who won the Order of Cultural Merit in 1987, was called “Mr.
Frog” by the local people of Iwaki. The reason why he got this nickname was
because, as a featured theme of his poetry, he often wrote about frogs. “Mr.
Frog,” whose birth place was in Iwaki, is still talked about by its residents
as a pure and honest person, almost childlike, how his facial expressions as a
poet had some kind of attractiveness and so on. Locally, there are more legends
of his unique personality. Shimpei was very poor when he married. He sent a
telegram to a total stranger, Miyazawa Kenji, asking, “Would you please send us
a bale of rice.” What he received from Kenji were thick books and a letter
which said “You can exchange these books to money.” Later on, Shimpei opened a
bar, which name was “Hi-no-kuruma” (hard up for money). However, the business
did not go well because he started drinking with his customers.
[v] Pleurisy
(also known as pleuritis) is an inflammation of the pleura, the lining
surrounding the lungs. There are many possible causes of pleurisy but viral
infections spreading from the lungs to pleural cavity are the most common. The
inflamed pleural layers rub against each other every time the lungs expand to
breathe in air. This can cause sharp pain when breathing, also called pleuritic
chest pain.
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Tuesday, December 9, 2008
A Change Of Season, A Change of Hours

A Change of Season, A Change of Hours
Winter, if you live deep underground and hadn’t noticed, is rapidly approaching. The splendid colors of autumn are gone, the trees now naked against the gray sky, casting long, thin shadows on the streets and houses below. Oh there are a few stalwarts on my street who have managed to hang onto their yellow leaves, but even their golden canopies are growing thin.
The sun travels daily on an ever lowering and shortening arc, although as I go about my daily errands, I tend to be unaware of its presence. The sun is more often hidden behind a thick gray blanket of clouds and fog adding an extra note of darkness to what I generally consider an already bleak time of year.
Darkness. In the winter it comes early and leaves late, though more often than not on a foggy day, it never entirely leaves at all. Even today, darkness comes earlier than yesterday and departs later. This morning the sun officially rises at 7:13 am and dips below the horizon at 4.44 pm – later than yesterday and earlier than tomorrow. December 21 at 7:04 am, even before it comes up that day, the sun will have reached its lowest arc and then begin its too slow climb higher and higher into the sky – the longest night and the shortest day.
The beginning of winter. Some people see it as a “bright” time of opportunity, as a time of light and warmth! Ice skating, snowmobile riding, skiing, Christmas decorations and lights making the “season bright”. I suppose these are the people who always tend to see the proverbial glass as being half-full. I tend to see it as almost totally empty. It’s dark, it’s cold, it’s going to get colder, and I have to dress up like Eskimo to go outside! As the “Kitty Mafia” would say (if they could talk), “Fogedaboudit!”
Ah yes, the “Kitty Mafia”: Max our menopausal senior kitty, and her evil henchman “Mr. Saito”, named for a courageous member of the Shinsengumi of Kyoto at the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and later a police officer in Meiji Tokyo. I think sometimes that perhaps “Igor” or “Quasimodo” might have been a more appropriate name. And then there is Sumie, the mafia “gun-moll”, at once hardboiled and yet seductive in getting her own way from my hapless wife. But I digress. Winter to the “Kitty Mafia” is just a minor inconvenience. It means they get to spend more time in the house; but then, there is plenty to do there so “it’s all good”. The fact that they are inside more than out, simply means to them that the proprietors of the “inn” simply must adjust to their presence.
More food, of course, must be on hand and readily available upon demand. In fact, “It’s best if you keep the ‘Meow Mix’ bowl topped off at all times, but don’t let the stuff at the bottom become stale.” Cans of cat food must be stockpiled in a wide variety of flavors and then opened and submitted for approval before serving. Cat’s boxes must be maintained to the utmost standards of cleanliness on a daily basis; in fact, it would be preferred if undesirable material was removed immediately after each use. Saito, as a point of fact, will break into a short operatic aria just after use, to signify his completed task and the beginning of the tasks for the “clean-up crew”.
Winter also means that additional cat toys must be acquired so that those members of the “mafia” who desire to play may have a wide variety of amusements to choose from. Heaters must be turned up with clear access for sitting, meditating, or sleeping at each cat’s whim, and in sufficient numbers so that no one is forced to share with their fellow cats – cat’s do not like to share.
Any forced allotment of anything, be it food, toys, or sleeping space runs counter to cat culture. Sleeping space seems to be a “biggie” at our house, more specifically, futon space. Max must have the bottom of the futon to herself: left side, right side, or between the legs. The lower part of the futon is hers and may not be trespassed upon by her underlings. Saito likes the head of the futon where he can watch the human occupants sleep, knead their faces in his own sleepy ecstasy, or more to the point, watch for any sign that REM sleep has started so that he may awaken the sleeper in order to have their undivided attention. As for Sumie, sleep is always best on top of a warm, breathing human body and the liberal use of claws ensures that she stays in place despite her “bed” tossing and turning.
Ah, to sleep, perchance to dream! There is the rub! Winter and the “Kitty Mafia” mean a change in hours for their human employees (yes, that is really all we are you know, underpaid and overworked). As you may know, when I am not seeking out “evil doers” or battling against crime in our universities during the winter, I work a lot at home. To work at home, more or less keeping your own hours, and thus avoiding the daily trek to the office has become quite popular in the last few years. I think really it started out to be a great thing: being able to drink coffee anytime at your desk, take a snack break, work in your jimmies – great stuff. One could, in theory, sleep late, do their work, and probably have playtime left over each day or at the least a low-stress, casual environment in which to work. Not so with the “Kitty Mafia” in winter. My hours have changed, now dictated by “Max & Company”. 3:30 am has been determined to be the optimal time for me to awake, prepare breakfast, clean kitty toilet facilities, and provide either entertainment for mafia members or to be a temporary playmate – more often than not the target of “play” rather than a “mate”.
The early hours of the morning are also the time when I must open the blinds so that Max can peer out into the night and see all the things that go “bump” in the night and are otherwise invisible to us humans. She has no concept of how much cold comes through an uncovered window. 3:30 AM is also the best time for Sumie to practice for her next action movie role by climbing up on furniture and jumping across the room from great heights. It is also the best time for Saito to practice his interpretations of “Pavarotti’s Greatest Hits.”
In the early morning hours, as I sit and drink my coffee and try to read the news, I am meowed at, poked, prodded, climbed over, and bitten on ankles and feet, “Excuse us, but you really do need to pay attention to us. News and coffee can wait”. Of course there is method to this madness. No more working to the sounds of birds chirping or to the smell of fresh mowed grass carried on a warm summer breeze. The dark, cold silence of early morning is now the prefect time for me to work. (Actually this is true but I’ll never admit it to them). Naptime is permitted in late morning, after a sufficient amount of work has been completed and any outside errands, such as the purchase of more cans of food or litter. Early afternoon, beginning about 1 PM is the time to become active once again, allowing for the preparation of lunch, the completion of chores and work, and the preparation and serving of dinner. Following dinner it’s bedtime. Was it Ben Franklin who said “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise?” Well, I feel neither healthier nor wiser, and certainly not wealthier. Obviously he did not live with cats! I feel more as if I have been dragged unwillingly over to the “dark side”.
Those persons who see the “half-full glass” are sure to say that the days will quite soon start to grow longer and thus the days warmer. I on the other hand, from the bottom of my now empty glass, see clouds, rain, snow, a lack of any worthwhile sleep, and typing away on some essay or work of Japanese scholarship, in the bitter cold, dark, damp, early hours of the morning: just as I’m doing now. Fogedaboudit!
Copyright 2008 by Hayato Tokugawa
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